Dünya Kadınlar Günü

8 Mart 1857 tarihinde ABD’nin New York kentinde 40.000 dokuma işçisi daha iyi çalışma koşulları istemiyle bir tekstil fabrikasında greve başladı. Ancak polisin işçilere saldırması ve işçilerin fabrikaya kilitlenmesi, arkasından da çıkan yangında işçilerin fabrika önünde kurulan barikatlardan kaçamaması sonucunda çoğu kadın 129 işçi can verdi. İşçilerin cenaze törenine 100 bini aşkın kişi katıldı.

26 – 27 Ağustos 1910 tarihinde Danimarka’nın Kopenhag kentinde 2. Enternasyonale bağlı kadınlar toplantısında (Uluslararası Sosyalist Kadınlar Konferansı) Almanya Sosyal Demokrat Partisi önderlerinden Clara Zetkin, 8 Mart 1857 tarihindeki tekstil fabrikası yangınında ölen kadın işçiler anısına 8 Mart’ın “Internationaler Frauentag” (International Women’s Day – Dünya Kadınlar Günü) olarak anılması önerisini getirdi ve öneri oybirliğiyle kabul edildi.

İlk yıllarda belli bir tarih saptanmamıştı ve değişen tarihlerde fakat her zaman ilkbaharda anılıyordu. Tarihin 8 Mart olarak saptanışı 1921’de Moskova’da gerçekleştirilen 3. Uluslararası Kadınlar Konferansı’nda gerçekleşti. Birinci ve İkinci Dünya Savaşı yılları arasında bazı ülkelerde anılması yasaklanan Dünya Kadınlar Günü, 1960’lı yılların sonunda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde de anmaya başlanmasıyla daha güçlü bir şekilde gündeme geldi. Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu, 16 Aralık 1977 tarihinde 8 Mart’ın “Dünya Kadınlar Günü” olarak anılmasını kabul etti. Birleşmiş Milletler’in sitesinde günün tarihine ilişkin bölümde, kutlamanın New York’ta ölen işçilerin anısına yapıldığı yazılmamıştır.

International Women’s Day (IWD), originally called International Working Women’s Day is marked on the 8th of March every year.[1] It is a major day of global celebration of women. In different regions the focus of the celebrations ranges from general celebration of respect, appreciation and love towards women to a celebration for women’s economic, political and social achievements.

Started as a Socialist political event, the holiday blended in the culture of many countries, primarily Eastern Europe, Russia, and the former Soviet bloc. In many regions, the day lost its political flavour, and became simply an occasion for men to express their love for women in a way somewhat similar to a mixture of Mother’s Day and St Valentine’s Day. In other regions, however, the original political and human rights theme designated by the United Nations runs strong, and political and social awareness of the struggles of women worldwide are brought out and examined in a hopeful manner.

Female members of the Australian Builders Labourers Federation march on International Women’s Day 1975 in Sydney

The mimosa (technically, the Silver Wattle) is the symbol of the celebrations of Women’s day in Italy and Russia
The first IWD was observed on 19 March 1911 in Germany following a declaration by the Socialist Party of America. The idea of having an international women’s day was first put forward at the turn of the 20th century amid rapid world industrialization and economic expansion that led to protests over working conditions[citation needed]

In 1910, Second International held the first international women’s conference in Copenhagen (in the labour-movement building located at Jagtvej 69, which until recently housed Ungdomshuset). An ‘International Women’s Day’ was established. It was suggested by the important German Socialist Clara Zetkin, although no date was specified.[2] The following year, 1911, IWD was marked by over a million people in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland, on March 19.[3] In the West, International Women’s Day was first observed as a popular event after 1977 when the united Nations General Assembly invited member states to proclaim March 8 as the UN Day for Women’s Rights and International Peace.[citation needed]
Demonstrations marking International Women’s Day in Russia proved to be the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917.[4]
Following the October Revolution, the Bolshevik Alexandra Kollontai persuaded Lenin to make it an official holiday in the Soviet Union, and it was established, but was a working day until 1965. On May 8, 1965 by the decree of the USSR Presidium of the Supreme Soviet International Women’s Day was declared a non working day in the USSR “in commemoration of the outstanding merits of Soviet women in communistic construction, in the defense of their Fatherland during the Great Patriotic War, in their heroism and selflessness at the front and in the rear, and also marking the great contribution of women to strengthening friendship between peoples, and the struggle for peace. But still, women’s day must be celebrated as are other holidays.”

Kaynak: en.wikipedia.org